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Coach Tips Tutorial Videos

Coaching tips can be divided into three main elements of self-determination:

  1. Competence

  2. Relatedness

  3. Autonomy

研究簡介 Briefing Video
【A+遊戲】 第一集---家長參與
【A+遊戲】 第二集---家長鼓勵
【A+遊戲】 第三集---規則表達
【A+遊戲】 第四集---語言表達
【A+遊戲】 第五集--- 其他角色
【A+遊戲】 第六集---提供選擇
【A+遊戲】 第七集--- 重視進步

01

【A+ Game】 Episode 1 --- Parent Participation

Even if some games seem simple, they can create opportunities for interaction between parents and children.
I know parents are very busy at work and outside, but as long as they take a little time to play with their children, they don’t have to settle down to play. Even if they are just an audience judge, they know that you are willing to spend your time playing games or doing sports with them.

This episode emphasizes the important role of parents in children's games and designs a series of interactive activities to promote parent-child relationships. The main content includes parents and children participating in various games together, role-playing to help children understand the rules, and designing cooperative challenges to enhance trust.

02

【A+ Game】 Episode 2 --- Parent Encouragement

Some games or sports have a certain degree of difficulty, such as some throwing games. Depending on how big your goal is, it may not be that simple for children, but the appreciation and encouragement of parents is a great motivation for them.

This episode focuses on how parents can encourage their children to participate in activities in a positive way, emphasizing the importance of providing positive feedback and setting goals. The content includes emotional support and positive encouragement from parents, aiming to boost children's self-confidence and motivation to learn.

03

【A+ Game】 Episode 3 --- Expression of rules

Play some games with more rules, such as badminton
When starting a wave, you cannot step on the boundary. When playing a wave, you cannot touch the net.
Parents cannot hit the ball over the net when explaining the rules
Try to use some gentle words
Avoid using too strong command words


This episode focuses on how to effectively express game rules to help children understand and follow them. The content includes how parents can clearly explain the rules, demonstrate how the game is played, and stimulate children's logical thinking ability.

Koestner, R., Ryan, RM, Bernieri, F., & Holt, K. (1984). Setting limits on children's behavior: The differential effects of controlling vs. informational styles on intrinsic motivation and creativity. Journal of personality, 52(3), 233-248.

04

【A+ Game】 Episode 4 --- Language Expression

I want children to take the initiative to do more exercise
There are some things you should pay attention to when talking.
There are some wild things that can be talked about, and some should be avoided as much as possible. For example, in games, sometimes children may not understand by just explaining them, but parents may have to set an example to show them.


This episode emphasizes the importance of language in games. Parents interact with their children through language and encourage them to use different words to describe game situations, thereby improving their language ability and expression skills.

05

【A+ Game】 Episode 5 --- Other Characters

If you want your children to have more activities, they don’t necessarily have to do it just for fun.
In addition to left-players, there may be other roles for children to participate in games or sports!
There may be another kind of happiness!

This episode explores the role-playing in games, allowing children to experience multiple perspectives. The content includes role-swapping and role-playing activities to enhance children's empathy and social skills.


Romar, JE, Sarén, J., & Hastie, P. (2016). Athlete-Centred coaching using the Sport Education model in youth soccer. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(2), 380-391.

06

【A+ Game】 Episode 6 --- Providing Choices

In fact, there are many changes in playing games

Parents can provide more choices than children who can choose their own places according to their preferences, which will give them more motivation to play.

This episode focuses on giving children choices, allowing them to make decisions in games and cultivate independence. Parents can promote children's independent thinking and judgment by designing a variety of game options.

07

【A+ Game】 Episode 7---Focus on Progress

When playing games
Sometimes, even if he listens to the explanation and watches the demonstration, he may not understand. Therefore, it is best for parents to try and practice with their children. However, practicing it right away will make him feel at a loss and give up easily.

This episode emphasizes the importance of the process, encouraging children to focus on their own progress in the game rather than simply pursuing results. Parents' support and praise can enhance children's sense of self-worth and make them more confident in facing challenges.

Weigand, D., & Burton, S. (2002). Manipulating achievement motivation in physical education by manipulating the motivational climate. European Journal of Sport Science, 2(1), 1-14.

08

【A+ Game】 Episode 8 --- Increasing Participation

Provide more opportunities than just playing games
You can also let him participate in the preparation process, which will make him more engaged when playing.
You have more say in the game

This episode discusses how to enhance children's participation in games, and how to encourage children to actively participate in games through various interactive activities, so as to cultivate their spirit of cooperation and team spirit. Parents' guidance and encouragement can help children find fun and a sense of achievement in games.

09

【A+ Game】 Episode 9 --- Should we give rewards?

Even though there are some games that don’t have many places to change, parents can give their children some freedom.

This episode explores the role of rewards in games and analyzes the impact of rewards on children's motivation. The content includes different types of rewards and emphasizes how rewards can effectively enhance children's sense of participation and learning motivation.

Deci, EL, Koestner, R., & Ryan, RM (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 627–668. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627

10

【A+ Game】 Episode 10 --- Setting Goals

While doing sports and playing games
Parents can try to set some goals with their children

This episode focuses on how to help children set clear game goals. The content includes how parents can guide children to set achievable goals, and share the reflection and adjustments that should be made in the process of achieving goals to promote children's self-management ability.

11

【A+ Game】 Episode 11 --- Group Activities

When playing games or doing sports
Only in personal mode
The appeal to children may be due to the details of many games or sports. In addition to the left singles mode, they can actually be doubles or team doubles, where you can cooperate with teammates to achieve the goal.

This episode emphasizes the importance of group cooperation and shows how to promote interaction and cooperation among children through group activities. The content includes designing group games and guiding children to play their respective roles in the team to improve their social skills and team spirit.

Sparks, C., Dimmock, J., Whipp, P., Lonsdale, C., & Jackson, B. (2015). “Getting connected”: High school physical education teacher behaviors that facilitate students' relatedness support perceptions. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(3), 219.

12

【A+ Game】 Episode 12 --- Parent Feedback

Many games or sports are played one-on-one, but they can be played by more than one person in groups.
So parents can try to play with their children in groups.

This episode discusses how parents can provide constructive feedback to help children learn from games. The content includes effective feedback skills and communication methods, encouraging parents to give positive comments after their children play games to enhance their children's self-confidence and learning motivation.

Sullivan, KJ, Kantak, SS, & Burtner, PA (2008). Motor learning in children: feedback effects on skill acquisition. Physical therapy, 88(6), 720-732.

13

【A+ Game】 Episode 13 --- Two-Way

Many games or sports have simple rules and do not change much.
But the strategies you can use can make a difference
When should you retain your strength when running, when should you exert your strength first, should you focus on breathing, etc.

This episode explores the importance of two-way communication in games, emphasizing how to promote interaction between children through effective communication. The content includes how parents can demonstrate and encourage children to express their thoughts and feelings, thereby improving their communication skills.

Tan, FD, Whipp, PR, Gagné, M., & Van Quaquebeke, N. (2019). Students' perception of teachers' two-way feedback interactions that impact learning. Social Psychology of Education, 22(1), 169-187.

14

【A+ Game】 Episode 14 --- Group Cooperation

Many games or sports can be played alone or one-on-one.
But children can play in groups
For example, in tug of war
As long as we have a big piece of rope, more people can participate. What are the benefits of having more people play? It is that the children can play the game together with their parents or other friends.

This episode focuses on group cooperation strategies, showing how to design activities to promote teamwork among children. The content includes the allocation of group roles and the cultivation of cooperation skills, so that children can learn to achieve goals together in a team.

15

【A+ Game】 Episode 15 --- Time to Give Back

If you want your children to have more fun, it is a good idea to give them appropriate advice.
Parents should use words to guide him with a pertinent attitude. Maybe if the words are formatted, it will be better and give him more space to think about it. But if the words or tone are inappropriate, it will be counterproductive.

This episode explores the best times to provide feedback during play. It covers how to recognize when children need feedback, and how to give timely and constructive feedback to help children better understand and improve their performance.

Allen, JB, & Howe, BL (1998). Player ability, coach feedback, and female adolescent athletes' perceived competence and satisfaction. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 20(3), 280-299.

16

【A+ Game】 Episode 16 --- Becoming teammates

Many games or sports are one-on-one, but they can be played in groups with more than one person, so parents can try playing in groups with their children.

This episode focuses on building cooperation and team spirit, and explores how to help children learn to be good teammates through games. The content includes role-playing and cooperative tasks, encouraging children to support and collaborate with each other.

Jõesaar, H., Hein, V., & Hagger, MS (2011). Peer influence on young athletes' need satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and persistence in sport: A 12-month prospective study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(5), 500-508.

17

【A+ Game】 Episode 17 --- Difficulty Setting

When playing games or doing sports, parents can tailor it for their children
Determine the difficulty based on their abilities

This episode focuses on the appropriate level of difficulty in games to help children challenge themselves without getting frustrated. It includes how to adjust the challenge of games according to children's abilities to keep them engaged and interested.

18

【A+ Game】 Episode 18---Are you committed?

There are some game activities that parents may not be interested in participating in, but even if they don’t participate, it would be better to at least make him feel that his parents are accompanying him all the way.
Maybe he is a game host or just a viewer.
Parents can praise and encourage them to let them know that they can play together even if they don’t.
I will keep an eye on him.

This episode explores children's involvement in games, emphasizing how to improve children's participation through activity design and parental guidance. The content includes identifying children's interests and needs, and helping them to be more proactive in playing games.

Sparks, C., Dimmock, J., Whipp, P., Lonsdale, C., & Jackson, B. (2015). “Getting connected”: High school physical education teacher behaviors that facilitate students' relatedness support perceptions. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(3), 219

19

【A+ Game】 Episode 19 --- Recording Daily Life

Do you usually record what you do every day?
It turns out that recording daily activities can help children improve their sports performance!


This episode discusses how to guide children to record important events and feelings in daily life, and emphasizes the value of diaries or other recording methods for self-reflection. The content includes how to help children develop a habit of recording, thereby improving their observation and expression skills.

Lubans, DR, Morgan, PJ, & Tudor-Locke, C. (2009). A systematic review of studies using pedometers to promote physical activity among youth. Preventive medicine, 48(4), 307-315.

20

【A+ Game】 Episode 20 --- Peer Experience

Have you ever thought about your children who may only praise themselves? Have you ever thought that praising other people will help your children?
It turns out that peer experience can help children improve their sports performance!

This episode focuses on children's interactions and learning with their peers, and explores how peer experiences affect children's growth. The content includes how to promote communication and cooperation among children, and use the positive influence of peers to enhance their social skills.

Ashford, S., Edmunds, J., & French, DP (2010). What is the best way to change self-efficacy to promote lifestyle and recreational physical activity? A systematic review with meta-analysis.
British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(2), 265–288.
https://doi.org/10.1348/135910709X461752

twenty one

【A+ Game】 Episode 21 --- Restrictions

Do rules and restrictions make it difficult for children to obey?
Setting rules and restrictions is actually to ensure that children have safe and happy play. Explain to the children the reasons for setting restrictions, so that they can understand the importance of restrictions!

This episode discusses the importance of setting rules and limits in play to help children understand the concept of boundaries. It includes how to design reasonable rules and emphasizes how these limits promote fair play and good behavior.

Martela, F., Hankonen, N., Ryan, RM, & Vansteenkiste, M. (2021). Motivating voluntary compliance to behavioral restrictions: Self-determination theory–based checklist of principles for COVID-19 and other emergency communications. European Review of Social Psychology, 32(2), 305-347.

twenty two

【A+ Game】 Episode 22---Explaining Mistakes

"Do you think you should punish me or him?"
Many times when we deal with children who make mistakes, we just punish them, but do not explain the reasons for punishing them properly, causing them to make mistakes again and again. Explaining mistakes can help children understand why they made mistakes and avoid making them again next time.

This episode discusses how to help children understand and explain their mistakes. The content includes how to guide children to face their mistakes, learn to reflect and correct them, and thus enhance their sense of responsibility and problem-solving ability.

Mageau, GA, Lessard, J., Carpentier, J., Robichaud, JM, Joussemet, M., & Koestner, R. (2018). Effectiveness and acceptability beliefs regarding logical consequences and mild punishments. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 54, 12-22.

twenty three

【A+ Game】 Episode 23---Autonomous Control

Are you a parent who takes care of everything? Or are you a parent who lets your children have their own experiences? In fact, every child is different, so you must put some thought into how to let them act independently!

This episode focuses on children's autonomy and sense of control, and explores how to let children make choices in games. The content includes promoting children's independent thinking and helping them develop self-management skills.

Shih, S. (2019). An examination of academic coping and procrastination from the self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Education and Human Development, 8(1), 57-68.

twenty four

【A+ Game】 Episode 24 --- Gradual Action

Learning a new field is not easy. If we approach things gradually and learn things in stages, it may make it easier for children to learn more independently.

This episode explores the importance of progressive task processing, emphasizing how to break down complex tasks into manageable steps. The content includes how to design gradual challenges to help children build confidence and a sense of achievement in the process of completing tasks.

Williams, SL, & French, DP (2011). What are the most effective intervention techniques for changing physical activity self-efficacy and physical activity behavior—and are they the same?
Health Education Research, 26(2), 308–322. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyr005

25

【A+ Game】 Episode 25 --- Have a goal

Doing things should have a goal?
Is it the parents' goal or the children's goal?
It turns out that the goals the children set together will make them more independent in achieving them!
Have you set your goals for this week?

This episode explores the importance of goal setting in games and life, and emphasizes how to help children identify their goals and develop plans to achieve them. The content includes how to guide children to think about short-term and long-term goals to enhance their motivation and sense of direction.

Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Deci, EL (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational psychologist, 41(1), 19-31.

26

【A+ Game】 Episode 26 --- Game Rewards

Does playing games have to have rewards?
Do you think the children want to play games on their own?
Should I play the game first because there are prizes?

This episode focuses on the reward mechanism in games and explores how to use rewards to motivate children to participate and perform. The content includes designing an effective reward system to allow children to gain a sense of achievement in the game and encourage them to continue working hard.

Beemer, LR, Ajibewa, TA, Dellavecchia, G., & Hasson, RE (2019). A pilot intervention using gamification to enhance student participation in classroom activity breaks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 4082–. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214082

27

【A+ Game】 Episode 27 --- Comments from peers

Have you ever thought about appreciating other children? Will your own children be affected? Peer comments will affect children's learning performance!

This episode explores the importance of peer comments in learning, emphasizing how to guide children to give and receive feedback from others. The content includes how to help children understand the value of constructive criticism and learn to enhance self-awareness and improvement through peer interaction.

Ashford, S., Edmunds, J., & French, DP (2010). What is the best way to change self-efficacy to promote lifestyle and recreational physical activity? A systematic review with meta-analysis.
British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(2), 265–288.
https://doi.org/10.1348/135910709X461752

28

【A+ Game】 Episode 28 --- Action Plan

Schools require us to plan our careers all the time. It turns out that we need to have an action plan when doing sports. It will be smoother and more effective. Let’s make an action plan together with the children today!

This episode focuses on developing effective action plans to help children learn how to set steps to achieve their goals. The content includes how to guide children to analyze tasks and make clear plans based on priorities to promote time management and a sense of responsibility.

Maher, JP, & Conroy, DE (2015). Habit strength moderates the effects of daily action planning prompts on physical activity but not sedentary behavior. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 37(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2014-0258

29

【A+ Game】 Episode 29 --- Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation is very important for children to exercise independently. How can we help children have intrinsic motivation? Let's listen to Dr. Chow's introduction.

This episode explores the impact of intrinsic motivation on learning and development, emphasizing how to stimulate children's intrinsic interests and passions. Content includes how to create a supportive environment that enables children to explore and pursue their interests independently.

Sebire, SJ, Jago, R., Fox, KR, Edwards, MJ, & Thompson, JL (2013). Testing a self-determination theory model of children's physical activity motivation: A cross-sectional study. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 111–111. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-111

30

【A+ Game】 Episode 30 --- Changing Angles

Do parents feel that they have changed after having children? Many things are done because of children, but have you ever thought that if you really do it for yourself, such as playing sports, your children will follow you and do it on their own because of your serious example?

This episode focuses on the flexibility of thinking and discusses how to help children learn to look at problems from different perspectives. The content includes promoting creative thinking and problem-solving skills, and emphasizing the importance of multiple thinking in understanding things.

Emm-Collison, LG, Jago, R., Salway, R., Thompson, JL, & Sebire, SJ (2019). Longitudinal associations between parents' motivations to exercise and their moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Psychology of sport and exercise, 43, 343–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.04.007

31

【A+ Game】 Episode 31 --- Coping Plan

I talked about the action plan before, but did you anticipate any difficulties when planning? The response plan is to prepare some methods in advance to solve some difficulties that we have thought of after writing the action plan, so that when we actually encounter problems, we can solve them as soon as possible! You will feel more comfortable implementing your action plan!

This episode explores how to develop a coping plan to face challenges, emphasizing the importance of staying calm and rational in difficult situations. Content includes teaching children to identify potential risks and challenges, and develop effective coping strategies based on specific situations.

Kwasnicka, D., Presseau, J., White, M., & Sniehotta, FF (2013). Does planning how to cope with anticipated barriers facilitate health-related behavior change? A systematic review. Health Psychology Review, 7(2), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2013.766832

32

【A+ Game】 Episode 32 ---
Attitude is everything

Attitude determines everything. If you yourself feel that exercise is very important, you will naturally appear happy.
But if you think exercise is to compensate for your guilt! Your performance will be affected, and it will also affect your children!

This episode discusses the impact of mindset on personal performance and success, emphasizing the importance of a positive mindset. The content includes how to help children develop positive thinking and self-confidence so that they can maintain a resilient attitude when facing difficulties.

Solomon-Moore, E., Sebire, SJ, Thompson, JL, Zahra, J., Lawlor, DA, & Jago, R. (2017). Are parents' motivations to exercise and intention to engage in regular family-based activity associated with both adult and child physical activity?. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2(1), e000137. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000137

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